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+# Cách Agent Workflow Hoạt Động trong RAGFlow
+
+## Tổng Quan Hệ Thống
+
+RAGFlow triển khai một hệ thống agent workflow mạnh mẽ cho phép người dùng định nghĩa và thực thi các quy trình làm việc phức tạp thông qua một **Domain Specific Language (DSL)** dạng JSON. Hệ thống này được xây dựng dựa trên kiến trúc đồ thị (graph-based architecture) với các component có thể kết nối và tương tác với nhau.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Kiến Trúc DSL (Domain Specific Language)
+
+### 1.1. Cấu Trúc Tổng Thể của DSL
+
+DSL trong RAGFlow là một cấu trúc JSON được thiết kế để mô tả workflow dưới dạng đồ thị có hướng (Directed Graph). Mỗi workflow được định nghĩa trong file JSON với cấu trúc:
+
+```json
+{
+  "components": {
+    "component_id": {
+      "obj": {
+        "component_name": "ComponentType",
+        "params": { /* cấu hình component */ }
+      },
+      "downstream": ["next_component_id"],
+      "upstream": ["previous_component_id"]
+    }
+  },
+  "globals": {
+    "sys.query": "",
+    "sys.user_id": "",
+    "sys.conversation_turns": 0,
+    "sys.files": []
+  },
+  "variables": { /* biến do người dùng định nghĩa */ },
+  "history": [ /* lịch sử hội thoại */ ],
+  "path": ["begin"],
+  "retrieval": { "chunks": [], "doc_aggs": [] },
+  "memory": []
+}
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:36-73`
+
+### 1.2. Các Thành Phần Chính của DSL
+
+#### a) **Components** - Các Node trong Đồ Thị
+
+Mỗi component đại diện cho một bước xử lý trong workflow. Các component được định danh bằng ID duy nhất theo format `ComponentType:UniqueIdentifier`.
+
+**Ví dụ thực tế từ customer_service.json**:
+```json
+"Agent:TwelveOwlsWatch": {
+  "downstream": ["VariableAggregator:FuzzyBerriesFlow"],
+  "obj": {
+    "component_name": "Agent",
+    "params": {
+      "llm_id": "deepseek-chat@DeepSeek",
+      "max_rounds": 5,
+      "sys_prompt": "You are a friendly and casual conversational assistant...",
+      "prompts": [
+        {
+          "content": "The user query is {sys.query}",
+          "role": "user"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "upstream": ["Categorize:DullFriendsThank"]
+}
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/templates/customer_service.json:116-166`
+
+#### b) **Downstream/Upstream** - Định Nghĩa Luồng Thực Thi
+
+- **downstream**: Danh sách các component tiếp theo sẽ được thực thi
+- **upstream**: Danh sách các component đã thực thi trước đó
+
+Đây là cách DSL mô tả directed graph - các node kết nối với nhau tạo thành luồng xử lý.
+
+**Logic trong code** (`ragflow/agent/canvas.py:543`):
+```python
+# Sau khi một component thực thi xong, hệ thống sẽ thêm các downstream vào path
+_extend_path(cpn["downstream"])
+```
+
+#### c) **Globals** - Biến Hệ Thống
+
+Các biến toàn cục được hệ thống quản lý:
+
+- `sys.query`: Câu hỏi của người dùng
+- `sys.user_id`: ID người dùng
+- `sys.conversation_turns`: Số lượt hội thoại
+- `sys.files`: Danh sách file đính kèm
+- `env.*`: Biến môi trường do người dùng định nghĩa
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:278-283, 343-348`
+
+#### d) **Variables** - Hệ Thống Tham Chiếu Biến
+
+DSL hỗ trợ tham chiếu động giữa các component thông qua cú pháp `{component_id@output_name}`.
+
+**Ví dụ**:
+```json
+{
+  "content": "The user query is {sys.query}\n\nThe relevant document are {Retrieval:ShyPumasJoke@formalized_content}"
+}
+```
+
+**Regex pattern** (`ragflow/agent/component/base.py:396`):
+```python
+variable_ref_patt = r"\{* *\{([a-zA-Z:0-9]+@[A-Za-z0-9_.]+|sys\.[A-Za-z0-9_.]+|env\.[A-Za-z0-9_.]+)\} *\}*"
+```
+
+**Cơ chế resolve biến** (`ragflow/agent/canvas.py:158-183`):
+```python
+def get_value_with_variable(self, value: str) -> Any:
+    pat = re.compile(r"\{* *\{([a-zA-Z:0-9]+@[A-Za-z0-9_.]+|sys\.[A-Za-z0-9_.]+|env\.[A-Za-z0-9_.]+)\} *\}*")
+    out_parts = []
+    last = 0
+
+    for m in pat.finditer(value):
+        out_parts.append(value[last:m.start()])
+        key = m.group(1)
+        v = self.get_variable_value(key)  # Lấy giá trị thực từ component hoặc globals
+        # ... xử lý giá trị
+        out_parts.append(rep)
+        last = m.end()
+
+    out_parts.append(value[last:])
+    return "".join(out_parts)
+```
+
+### 1.3. Các Loại Component Có Sẵn
+
+RAGFlow cung cấp một thư viện component phong phú:
+
+| Component | File | Chức Năng |
+|-----------|------|-----------|
+| **Begin** | `agent/component/begin.py` | Entry point của workflow |
+| **Agent** | `agent/component/agent_with_tools.py` | LLM agent với khả năng gọi tool |
+| **LLM** | `agent/component/llm.py` | Gọi LLM cơ bản không có tool |
+| **Retrieval** | `agent/tools/retrieval.py` | Tìm kiếm trong knowledge base |
+| **Categorize** | `agent/component/categorize.py` | Phân loại intent bằng LLM |
+| **Switch** | `agent/component/switch.py` | Điều kiện rẽ nhánh |
+| **Iteration** | `agent/component/iteration.py` | Vòng lặp for-each |
+| **Loop** | `agent/component/loop.py` | Vòng lặp while |
+| **Message** | `agent/component/message.py` | Format output trả về user |
+| **VariableAggregator** | `agent/component/variable_assigner.py` | Gộp kết quả từ nhiều nhánh |
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/__init__.py:51-58`
+
+---
+
+## 2. Execution Engine - Cơ Chế Thực Thi Workflow
+
+### 2.1. Class Graph - Core Engine
+
+Class `Graph` là base class chứa logic cốt lõi để load và thực thi workflow.
+
+**File**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:34-273`
+
+#### Quá Trình Load DSL
+
+```python
+def load(self):
+    self.components = self.dsl["components"]
+
+    # Duyệt qua từng component trong DSL
+    for k, cpn in self.components.items():
+        # Tạo object ComponentParam từ tên component
+        param = component_class(cpn["obj"]["component_name"] + "Param")()
+        param.update(cpn["obj"]["params"])
+
+        # Validate parameters
+        param.check()
+
+        # Tạo object Component thực tế
+        cpn["obj"] = component_class(cpn["obj"]["component_name"])(self, k, param)
+
+    self.path = self.dsl["path"]
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:84-101`
+
+**Giải thích logic**:
+1. Parse JSON DSL thành dictionary
+2. Với mỗi component, tạo object Parameter tương ứng (VD: `AgentParam`, `LLMParam`)
+3. Validate parameters bằng method `check()`
+4. Tạo object Component thực tế (VD: `Agent`, `LLM`) và inject vào graph
+5. Component được truyền reference tới `self` (Canvas) để có thể truy cập biến global
+
+### 2.2. Class Canvas - Agent Workflow Executor
+
+Class `Canvas` kế thừa `Graph` và triển khai logic đặc thù cho agent workflow.
+
+**File**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:275-676`
+
+#### Phương Thức `run()` - Trái Tim của Execution Engine
+
+Đây là async generator function thực thi workflow và yield các event real-time.
+
+**Signature**:
+```python
+async def run(self, **kwargs):
+    # Nhận tham số: query, files, user_id, inputs
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:358-583`
+
+#### Chi Tiết Từng Bước Thực Thi
+
+##### **Bước 1: Khởi Tạo State**
+
+```python
+st = time.perf_counter()
+self.message_id = get_uuid()
+created_at = int(time.time())
+
+# Lưu query vào history
+self.add_user_input(kwargs.get("query"))
+
+# Reset output của tất cả component
+for k, cpn in self.components.items():
+    self.components[k]["obj"].reset(True)
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:359-364`
+
+##### **Bước 2: Set System Variables**
+
+```python
+for k in kwargs.keys():
+    if k in ["query", "user_id", "files"] and kwargs[k]:
+        if k == "files":
+            self.globals[f"sys.{k}"] = FileService.get_files(kwargs[k])
+        else:
+            self.globals[f"sys.{k}"] = kwargs[k]
+
+# Tăng conversation turn counter
+self.globals["sys.conversation_turns"] += 1
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:372-380`
+
+**Logic**: Các tham số từ user được map vào global variables để các component có thể reference bằng `{sys.query}`, `{sys.files}`, v.v.
+
+##### **Bước 3: Path Initialization**
+
+```python
+if not self.path or self.path[-1].lower().find("userfillup") < 0:
+    self.path.append("begin")
+    self.retrieval.append({"chunks": [], "doc_aggs": []})
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:393-395`
+
+**Logic**: Path là một list lưu trữ thứ tự các component đã/đang/sẽ thực thi. Mọi workflow đều bắt đầu từ component `begin`.
+
+##### **Bước 4: Yield Workflow Started Event**
+
+```python
+def decorate(event, dt):
+    return {
+        "event": event,
+        "message_id": self.message_id,
+        "created_at": created_at,
+        "task_id": self.task_id,
+        "data": dt
+    }
+
+yield decorate("workflow_started", {"inputs": kwargs.get("inputs")})
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:382-402`
+
+**Logic**: Hệ thống sử dụng Server-Sent Events (SSE) để stream các event về frontend real-time. Mỗi event có format chuẩn với `event`, `message_id`, `task_id`, `data`.
+
+##### **Bước 5: Execute Components in Path**
+
+```python
+idx = len(self.path) - 1
+
+while idx < len(self.path):
+    to = len(self.path)
+
+    # Yield node_started events
+    for i in range(idx, to):
+        yield decorate("node_started", {
+            "component_id": self.path[i],
+            "component_name": self.get_component_name(self.path[i]),
+            "component_type": self.get_component_type(self.path[i])
+        })
+
+    # Execute batch of components
+    _run_batch(idx, to)
+
+    # ... post-processing
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:444-548`
+
+**Logic**:
+- `path` là dynamic array có thể mở rộng trong quá trình thực thi
+- Mỗi iteration thực thi một batch component từ `idx` đến `to`
+- Sau khi thực thi, các component có thể thêm downstream vào `path`, làm `len(self.path)` tăng
+- Vòng lặp tiếp tục cho đến khi không còn component nào trong path
+
+##### **Bước 6: Parallel Execution với ThreadPoolExecutor**
+
+```python
+def _run_batch(f, t):
+    if self.is_canceled():
+        raise TaskCanceledException(...)
+
+    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:
+        thr = []
+        i = f
+        while i < t:
+            cpn = self.get_component_obj(self.path[i])
+
+            if cpn.component_name.lower() in ["begin", "userfillup"]:
+                thr.append(executor.submit(cpn.invoke, inputs=kwargs.get("inputs", {})))
+                i += 1
+            else:
+                # Kiểm tra dependencies
+                for _, ele in cpn.get_input_elements().items():
+                    if isinstance(ele, dict) and ele.get("_cpn_id") and ele.get("_cpn_id") not in self.path[:i]:
+                        # Nếu dependency chưa execute, skip component này
+                        self.path.pop(i)
+                        t -= 1
+                        break
+                else:
+                    # Execute component
+                    thr.append(executor.submit(cpn.invoke, **cpn.get_input()))
+                    i += 1
+
+        # Wait for all threads to complete
+        for t in thr:
+            t.result()
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:405-429`
+
+**Logic quan trọng**:
+- Hệ thống thực thi **tối đa 5 component song song** để tăng hiệu suất
+- Trước khi execute, kiểm tra dependencies: nếu component A reference output của component B mà B chưa execute, thì A bị remove khỏi path
+- Mỗi component được execute trong thread riêng biệt, nhưng vẫn đợi tất cả thread complete trước khi tiếp tục
+
+##### **Bước 7: Post-Processing & Branching Logic**
+
+```python
+for i in range(idx, to):
+    cpn = self.get_component(self.path[i])
+    cpn_obj = self.get_component_obj(self.path[i])
+
+    # Xử lý streaming output cho Message component
+    if cpn_obj.component_name.lower() == "message":
+        if isinstance(cpn_obj.output("content"), partial):
+            _m = ""
+            for m in cpn_obj.output("content")():
+                if m == "<think>":
+                    yield decorate("message", {"content": "", "start_to_think": True})
+                elif m == "</think>":
+                    yield decorate("message", {"content": "", "end_to_think": True})
+                else:
+                    yield decorate("message", {"content": m})
+                    _m += m
+            cpn_obj.set_output("content", _m)
+        else:
+            yield decorate("message", {"content": cpn_obj.output("content")})
+
+    # Xử lý error handling
+    if cpn_obj.error():
+        ex = cpn_obj.exception_handler()
+        if ex and ex["goto"]:
+            self.path.extend(ex["goto"])  # Jump to error handler
+        elif ex and ex["default_value"]:
+            yield decorate("message", {"content": ex["default_value"]})
+        else:
+            self.error = cpn_obj.error()
+
+    # Branching logic
+    if cpn_obj.component_name.lower() in ["categorize", "switch"]:
+        # Categorize/Switch component quyết định nhánh tiếp theo
+        _extend_path(cpn_obj.output("_next"))
+    elif cpn_obj.component_name.lower() in ("iteration", "loop"):
+        # Loop component thêm start node vào path
+        _append_path(cpn_obj.get_start())
+    else:
+        # Component thường thêm downstream vào path
+        _extend_path(cpn["downstream"])
+
+    # Yield node_finished event
+    yield _node_finished(cpn_obj)
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:459-543`
+
+**Giải thích chi tiết**:
+
+1. **Streaming Output**: Nếu component trả về `functools.partial`, hệ thống sẽ iterate và yield từng chunk text real-time
+2. **Error Handling**: Component có thể định nghĩa exception handler với `goto` (jump to error component) hoặc `default_value` (fallback response)
+3. **Branching**:
+   - `Categorize`/`Switch`: Quyết định nhánh dựa trên classification result
+   - `Iteration`/`Loop`: Tạo vòng lặp bằng cách thêm start node của loop vào path
+   - Normal component: Thêm tất cả downstream vào path
+
+##### **Bước 8: Workflow Completion**
+
+```python
+if not self.error:
+    yield decorate("workflow_finished", {
+        "inputs": kwargs.get("inputs"),
+        "outputs": self.get_component_obj(self.path[-1]).output(),
+        "elapsed_time": time.perf_counter() - st,
+        "created_at": st
+    })
+
+    # Lưu vào conversation history
+    self.history.append(("assistant", self.get_component_obj(self.path[-1]).output()))
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/canvas.py:566-574`
+
+---
+
+## 3. Component Architecture - Cách Định Nghĩa Component
+
+### 3.1. ComponentParamBase - Base Class cho Parameters
+
+Mọi component đều có một class Parameter tương ứng để validate và lưu trữ config.
+
+**File**: `ragflow/agent/component/base.py:37-391`
+
+#### Ví Dụ: AgentParam
+
+```python
+class AgentParam(LLMParam, ToolParamBase):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.function_name = "agent"
+        self.tools = []
+        self.mcp = []
+        self.max_rounds = 5
+        self.description = ""
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/agent_with_tools.py:38-79`
+
+#### Phương Thức Quan Trọng
+
+```python
+def update(self, conf, allow_redundant=False):
+    """
+    Đệ quy update parameters từ JSON config
+    Hỗ trợ nested parameters và validation
+    """
+    # ... implementation
+
+def check(self):
+    """
+    Validate parameters
+    Được gọi sau update() để đảm bảo config hợp lệ
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError("Parameter Object should be checked.")
+
+def as_dict(self):
+    """
+    Convert parameters object thành dict để serialize
+    """
+    # ... implementation
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/base.py:124-184, 54-55, 96-122`
+
+### 3.2. ComponentBase - Base Class cho Component
+
+**File**: `ragflow/agent/component/base.py:393-583`
+
+#### Constructor
+
+```python
+def __init__(self, canvas, id, param: ComponentParamBase):
+    from agent.canvas import Graph
+    assert isinstance(canvas, Graph), "canvas must be an instance of Canvas"
+    self._canvas = canvas  # Reference to workflow graph
+    self._id = id          # Component ID
+    self._param = param    # Parameters object
+    self._param.check()    # Validate ngay khi khởi tạo
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/base.py:412-418`
+
+**Logic**: Mỗi component giữ reference tới Canvas để có thể:
+- Truy cập global variables: `self._canvas.globals`
+- Lấy output từ component khác: `self._canvas.get_variable_value("other_component@output")`
+- Add reference (citations): `self._canvas.add_reference(chunks, doc_infos)`
+
+#### Phương Thức invoke() - Entry Point Execution
+
+```python
+def invoke(self, **kwargs) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    self.set_output("_created_time", time.perf_counter())
+
+    try:
+        self._invoke(**kwargs)  # Template method pattern
+    except Exception as e:
+        if self.get_exception_default_value():
+            self.set_exception_default_value()
+        else:
+            self.set_output("_ERROR", str(e))
+        logging.exception(e)
+
+    self.set_output("_elapsed_time", time.perf_counter() - self.output("_created_time"))
+    return self.output()
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/base.py:434-446`
+
+**Logic**:
+- `invoke()` là public method được Canvas gọi
+- Bên trong gọi `_invoke()` - abstract method mà subclass phải implement
+- Tự động track `_created_time` và `_elapsed_time`
+- Tự động catch exception và set `_ERROR` output
+
+#### Abstract Method: _invoke()
+
+```python
+@timeout(int(os.environ.get("COMPONENT_EXEC_TIMEOUT", 10*60)))
+def _invoke(self, **kwargs):
+    raise NotImplementedError()
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/base.py:448-450`
+
+**Logic**:
+- Subclass phải override method này để implement logic
+- Có timeout protection (default 10 phút)
+- Nhận `**kwargs` là input variables đã được resolve
+
+### 3.3. Ví Dụ Cụ Thể: Agent Component
+
+**File**: `ragflow/agent/component/agent_with_tools.py`
+
+#### Constructor - Load Tools
+
+```python
+def __init__(self, canvas, id, param: AgentParam):
+    LLM.__init__(self, canvas, id, param)
+
+    # Initialize tools dictionary
+    self.tools = {}
+
+    # Load built-in tool components
+    for cpn in self._param.tools:
+        cpn = self._load_tool_obj(cpn)
+        self.tools[cpn.get_meta()["function"]["name"]] = cpn
+
+    # Initialize LLM with multi-round support
+    self.chat_mdl = LLMBundle(
+        self._canvas.get_tenant_id(),
+        TenantLLMService.llm_id2llm_type(self._param.llm_id),
+        self._param.llm_id,
+        max_retries=self._param.max_retries,
+        retry_interval=self._param.delay_after_error,
+        max_rounds=self._param.max_rounds,
+        verbose_tool_use=True
+    )
+
+    # Collect tool metadata for LLM
+    self.tool_meta = [v.get_meta() for _, v in self.tools.items()]
+
+    # Load MCP (Model Context Protocol) tools
+    for mcp in self._param.mcp:
+        _, mcp_server = MCPServerService.get_by_id(mcp["mcp_id"])
+        tool_call_session = MCPToolCallSession(mcp_server, mcp_server.variables)
+        for tnm, meta in mcp["tools"].items():
+            self.tool_meta.append(mcp_tool_metadata_to_openai_tool(meta))
+            self.tools[tnm] = tool_call_session
+
+    # Setup callback for tool usage tracking
+    self.callback = partial(self._canvas.tool_use_callback, id)
+    self.toolcall_session = LLMToolPluginCallSession(self.tools, self.callback)
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/agent_with_tools.py:84-107`
+
+**Logic**:
+1. Load danh sách tools từ config (Retrieval, Wikipedia, TavilySearch, etc.)
+2. Khởi tạo LLMBundle với config max_rounds (số vòng ReAct tối đa)
+3. Load external tools từ MCP servers
+4. Tạo callback để track tool usage (lưu vào Redis)
+
+#### _invoke() Implementation - ReAct Loop
+
+```python
+@timeout(int(os.environ.get("COMPONENT_EXEC_TIMEOUT", 20*60)))
+def _invoke(self, **kwargs):
+    if self.check_if_canceled("Agent processing"):
+        return
+
+    # Xử lý nested agent calls (khi agent A gọi agent B)
+    if kwargs.get("user_prompt"):
+        usr_pmt = ""
+        if kwargs.get("reasoning"):
+            usr_pmt += "\nREASONING:\n{}\n".format(kwargs["reasoning"])
+        if kwargs.get("context"):
+            usr_pmt += "\nCONTEXT:\n{}\n".format(kwargs["context"])
+        usr_pmt += "\nQUERY:\n{}\n".format(str(kwargs["user_prompt"]))
+        self._param.prompts = [{"role": "user", "content": usr_pmt}]
+
+    # Nếu không có tools, fallback to simple LLM
+    if not self.tools:
+        return LLM._invoke(self, **kwargs)
+
+    # Prepare prompts
+    prompt, msg, user_defined_prompt = self._prepare_prompt_variables()
+
+    # Check for structured output schema
+    output_schema = self._get_output_schema()
+    schema_prompt = ""
+    if output_schema:
+        schema = json.dumps(output_schema, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+        schema_prompt = structured_output_prompt(schema)
+
+    # Check if next component is Message (for streaming)
+    downstreams = self._canvas.get_component(self._id)["downstream"]
+    ex = self.exception_handler()
+
+    if any([self._canvas.get_component_obj(cid).component_name.lower()=="message" for cid in downstreams]) \
+       and not (ex and ex["goto"]) and not output_schema:
+        # Stream output directly to Message component
+        self.set_output("content", partial(self.stream_output_with_tools, prompt, msg, user_defined_prompt))
+        return
+
+    # Non-streaming mode
+    _, msg = message_fit_in([{"role": "system", "content": prompt}, *msg], int(self.chat_mdl.max_length * 0.97))
+    use_tools = []
+    ans = ""
+
+    # Execute ReAct loop
+    for delta_ans, tk in self._react_with_tools_streamly(prompt, msg, use_tools, user_defined_prompt, schema_prompt=schema_prompt):
+        if self.check_if_canceled("Agent processing"):
+            return
+        ans += delta_ans
+
+    # Handle errors
+    if ans.find("**ERROR**") >= 0:
+        logging.error(f"Agent._chat got error. response: {ans}")
+        if self.get_exception_default_value():
+            self.set_output("content", self.get_exception_default_value())
+        else:
+            self.set_output("_ERROR", ans)
+        return
+
+    # Parse structured output if schema exists
+    if output_schema:
+        for _ in range(self._param.max_retries + 1):
+            try:
+                obj = json_repair.loads(clean_formated_answer(ans))
+                self.set_output("structured", obj)
+                if use_tools:
+                    self.set_output("use_tools", use_tools)
+                return obj
+            except Exception:
+                # Retry with format correction
+                ans = self._force_format_to_schema(ans, schema_prompt)
+        self.set_output("_ERROR", "The answer cannot be parsed as JSON")
+        return
+
+    # Normal output
+    self.set_output("content", ans)
+    if use_tools:
+        self.set_output("use_tools", use_tools)
+    return ans
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/agent_with_tools.py:164-240`
+
+#### ReAct Loop Implementation
+
+```python
+def _react_with_tools_streamly(self, prompt, history: list[dict], use_tools, user_defined_prompt={}, schema_prompt: str = ""):
+    token_count = 0
+    tool_metas = self.tool_meta
+    hist = deepcopy(history)
+
+    # Optimize multi-turn conversation
+    if len(hist) > 3:
+        st = timer()
+        user_request = full_question(messages=history, chat_mdl=self.chat_mdl)
+        self.callback("Multi-turn conversation optimization", {}, user_request, elapsed_time=timer()-st)
+    else:
+        user_request = history[-1]["content"]
+
+    def use_tool(name, args):
+        """Call tool and track usage"""
+        tool_response = self.toolcall_session.tool_call(name, args)
+        use_tools.append({
+            "name": name,
+            "arguments": args,
+            "results": tool_response
+        })
+        return name, tool_response
+
+    def complete():
+        """Generate final answer with optional citation"""
+        need2cite = self._param.cite and self._canvas.get_reference()["chunks"] and self._id.find("-->") < 0
+        if schema_prompt:
+            need2cite = False
+
+        cited = False
+        if hist and hist[0]["role"] == "system":
+            if schema_prompt:
+                hist[0]["content"] += "\n" + schema_prompt
+            if need2cite and len(hist) < 7:
+                hist[0]["content"] += citation_prompt()
+                cited = True
+
+        yield "", token_count
+
+        # Truncate history if too long
+        _hist = hist
+        if len(hist) > 12:
+            _hist = [hist[0], hist[1], *hist[-10:]]
+
+        # Stream answer
+        entire_txt = ""
+        for delta_ans in self._generate_streamly(_hist):
+            if not need2cite or cited:
+                yield delta_ans, 0
+            entire_txt += delta_ans
+
+        # Generate citations if needed
+        if need2cite and not cited:
+            st = timer()
+            txt = ""
+            for delta_ans in self._gen_citations(entire_txt):
+                if self.check_if_canceled("Agent streaming"):
+                    return
+                yield delta_ans, 0
+                txt += delta_ans
+            self.callback("gen_citations", {}, txt, elapsed_time=timer()-st)
+
+    # Analyze task first
+    st = timer()
+    task_desc = analyze_task(self.chat_mdl, prompt, user_request, tool_metas, user_defined_prompt)
+    self.callback("analyze_task", {}, task_desc, elapsed_time=timer()-st)
+
+    # ReAct loop
+    for _ in range(self._param.max_rounds + 1):
+        if self.check_if_canceled("Agent streaming"):
+            return
+
+        # LLM decides next step (which tools to call or complete)
+        response, tk = next_step(self.chat_mdl, hist, tool_metas, task_desc, user_defined_prompt)
+        token_count += tk
+        hist.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response})
+
+        try:
+            # Parse function calls from LLM response
+            functions = json_repair.loads(re.sub(r"```.*", "", response))
+            if not isinstance(functions, list):
+                raise TypeError(f"List should be returned, but `{functions}`")
+
+            # Execute tools in parallel
+            with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:
+                thr = []
+                for func in functions:
+                    name = func["name"]
+                    args = func["arguments"]
+
+                    if name == COMPLETE_TASK:
+                        # LLM quyết định task hoàn thành
+                        for txt, tkcnt in complete():
+                            yield txt, tkcnt
+                        return
+
+                    thr.append(executor.submit(use_tool, name, args))
+
+                # Reflect on tool results
+                st = timer()
+                reflection = reflect(self.chat_mdl, hist, [th.result() for th in thr], user_defined_prompt)
+                hist.append({"role": "user", "content": reflection})
+                self.callback("reflection", {}, str(reflection), elapsed_time=timer()-st)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logging.exception(msg=f"Wrong JSON argument format in LLM ReAct response: {e}")
+            e = f"\nTool call error, please correct the input parameter of response format and call it again.\n *** Exception ***\n{e}"
+            hist.append({"role": "user", "content": str(e)})
+
+    # Exceed max rounds, force completion
+    logging.warning(f"Exceed max rounds: {self._param.max_rounds}")
+    final_instruction = f"""
+    {user_request}
+    IMPORTANT: You have reached the conversation limit. Based on ALL the information and research you have gathered so far, please provide a DIRECT and COMPREHENSIVE final answer...
+    """
+    hist.append({"role": "user", "content": final_instruction})
+
+    for txt, tkcnt in complete():
+        yield txt, tkcnt
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/agent_with_tools.py:273-406`
+
+**Logic chi tiết của ReAct Loop**:
+
+1. **Analyze Task**: LLM phân tích task và available tools để lập kế hoạch
+2. **Loop until max_rounds**:
+   - LLM quyết định next step: gọi tool nào hoặc complete task
+   - Parse JSON response chứa list function calls
+   - Execute tất cả tool calls song song (max 5 workers)
+   - LLM reflect trên tool results để quyết định bước tiếp theo
+3. **Tool Call**: Mỗi tool được execute và kết quả được append vào history
+4. **Reflection**: LLM đánh giá tool results và quyết định có cần thêm information không
+5. **Completion**: Khi LLM return `COMPLETE_TASK`, generate final answer
+6. **Citation**: Nếu có retrieval results, tự động generate citations
+
+---
+
+## 4. Deep Research - Advanced Reasoning Engine
+
+**File**: `ragflow/agentic_reasoning/deep_research.py`
+
+### 4.1. Tổng Quan
+
+`DeepResearcher` là một engine cao cấp implement multi-step reasoning với iterative search. Được sử dụng trong dialog service khi enable "Deep Reasoning" mode.
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/api/db/services/dialog_service.py:27, 441-463`
+
+### 4.2. Architecture
+
+```python
+class DeepResearcher:
+    def __init__(self,
+                 chat_mdl: LLMBundle,
+                 prompt_config: dict,
+                 kb_retrieve: partial = None,
+                 kg_retrieve: partial = None):
+        self.chat_mdl = chat_mdl
+        self.prompt_config = prompt_config
+        self._kb_retrieve = kb_retrieve  # Knowledge base retrieval function
+        self._kg_retrieve = kg_retrieve  # Knowledge graph retrieval function
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agentic_reasoning/deep_research.py:27-37`
+
+### 4.3. Thinking Loop
+
+```python
+def thinking(self, chunk_info, question):
+    """
+    Main reasoning loop với iterative search
+
+    Args:
+        chunk_info: Dictionary để lưu retrieved chunks (for citation)
+        question: Câu hỏi của user
+
+    Returns:
+        Generator yield từng reasoning step
+    """
+    msg_history = [{"role": "user", "content": question}]
+    all_reasoning_steps = []
+
+    for step_index in range(MAX_SEARCH_LIMIT):  # Thường 3-5 steps
+        # Step 1: Generate reasoning với LLM
+        query_think = ""
+        for ans in self._generate_reasoning(msg_history):
+            query_think = ans
+            yield query_think
+
+        # Step 2: Extract search queries từ reasoning
+        queries = self._extract_search_queries(query_think, question, step_index)
+
+        if not queries:
+            # Không còn query nào, reasoning complete
+            break
+
+        # Step 3: Execute searches
+        for search_query in queries:
+            # Retrieve from KB, Web, KG
+            kbinfos = self._retrieve_information(search_query)
+
+            # Update chunk_info for citation
+            self._update_chunk_info(chunk_info, kbinfos)
+
+            # Summarize relevant information
+            summary_think = ""
+            for ans in self._extract_relevant_info(
+                self._truncate_previous_reasoning(all_reasoning_steps),
+                search_query,
+                kbinfos
+            ):
+                summary_think = ans
+                yield summary_think
+
+            # Append search result to reasoning
+            query_think += f"\n{BEGIN_SEARCH_RESULT}\n{summary_think}\n{END_SEARCH_RESULT}"
+
+        # Step 4: Save reasoning step
+        all_reasoning_steps.append(query_think)
+        msg_history.append({"role": "assistant", "content": query_think})
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agentic_reasoning/deep_research.py` (method `thinking`)
+
+**Logic**:
+
+1. **Generate Reasoning**: LLM tạo chain-of-thought reasoning step
+2. **Extract Queries**: Parse reasoning text để tìm `<|begin_search_query|>...<|end_search_query|>`
+3. **Multi-source Retrieval**:
+   - Knowledge Base (RAG)
+   - Web Search (Tavily API)
+   - Knowledge Graph
+4. **Summarize**: LLM extract relevant info từ search results
+5. **Iterate**: Append results vào history và continue reasoning
+6. **Stop Condition**: Khi LLM không generate thêm search query
+
+### 4.4. Prompt Engineering
+
+**File**: `ragflow/agentic_reasoning/prompts.py`
+
+```python
+REASON_PROMPT = """
+You are a research assistant performing deep reasoning to answer complex questions.
+
+Instructions:
+1. Break down the question into logical steps
+2. For each step that requires external information, wrap search queries in tags:
+   <|begin_search_query|>your search query here<|end_search_query|>
+3. Use previous search results (wrapped in <|begin_search_result|>...<|end_search_result|>) to inform next steps
+4. When you have enough information, provide final answer without additional searches
+
+Current question: {question}
+
+Previous reasoning:
+{previous_steps}
+
+Continue reasoning:
+"""
+
+RELEVANT_EXTRACTION_PROMPT = """
+Given the following search results for query "{query}":
+
+{search_results}
+
+Extract and summarize ONLY the information directly relevant to answering:
+{context}
+
+Focus on facts, numbers, and specific details. Ignore irrelevant content.
+"""
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agentic_reasoning/prompts.py`
+
+---
+
+## 5. Branching & Control Flow Components
+
+### 5.1. Categorize Component - LLM-based Intent Classification
+
+**File**: `ragflow/agent/component/categorize.py`
+
+#### Cách Hoạt Động
+
+```python
+class CategorizeParam(ComponentParamBase):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.category_description = {
+            "category_name": {
+                "description": "Mô tả category",
+                "examples": ["example 1", "example 2"],
+                "to": ["next_component_id"]
+            }
+        }
+        self.llm_id = ""
+        self.query = "sys.query"
+```
+
+**Ví dụ từ customer_service.json**:
+```json
+{
+  "category_description": {
+    "1. contact": {
+      "description": "User provides contact information",
+      "examples": ["My phone is 123456", "john@email.com"],
+      "to": ["Message:BreezyDonutsHeal"]
+    },
+    "2. casual": {
+      "description": "Casual chat, not product related",
+      "examples": ["How are you?", "What's your name?"],
+      "to": ["Agent:TwelveOwlsWatch"]
+    },
+    "4. product related": {
+      "description": "Questions about product usage",
+      "examples": ["How to install?", "Why it doesn't work?"],
+      "to": ["Retrieval:ShyPumasJoke"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/templates/customer_service.json:177-213`
+
+#### _invoke() Implementation
+
+```python
+def _invoke(self, **kwargs):
+    # Get query from variable reference
+    query = self._canvas.get_value_with_variable(self._param.query)
+
+    # Build prompt with categories and examples
+    prompt = "Classify the following query into one of these categories:\n\n"
+    for cat_name, cat_info in self._param.category_description.items():
+        prompt += f"{cat_name}: {cat_info['description']}\n"
+        prompt += f"Examples: {', '.join(cat_info['examples'])}\n\n"
+
+    prompt += f"Query: {query}\n\nCategory:"
+
+    # Call LLM for classification
+    response = self.chat_mdl.chat(prompt, [], {"temperature": 0.1})
+
+    # Find matching category
+    for cat_name, cat_info in self._param.category_description.items():
+        if cat_name in response:
+            self.set_output("category_name", cat_name)
+            self.set_output("_next", cat_info["to"])
+            return
+
+    # Default to first category
+    first_cat = list(self._param.category_description.values())[0]
+    self.set_output("_next", first_cat["to"])
+```
+
+**Logic**:
+1. LLM classify user query vào một trong các category
+2. Set `_next` output = downstream của category đó
+3. Canvas engine sẽ đọc `_next` và append vào path
+
+### 5.2. Switch Component - Conditional Branching
+
+**File**: `ragflow/agent/component/switch.py`
+
+#### Example Configuration
+
+```json
+{
+  "component_name": "Switch",
+  "params": {
+    "cases": [
+      {
+        "condition": "{sys.conversation_turns} > 5",
+        "to": ["Agent:SuggestEnd"]
+      },
+      {
+        "condition": "{User:Profile@premium} == true",
+        "to": ["Agent:PremiumSupport"]
+      }
+    ],
+    "default": ["Agent:StandardSupport"]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### Logic
+
+```python
+def _invoke(self, **kwargs):
+    for case in self._param.cases:
+        # Resolve variables in condition
+        condition = self._canvas.get_value_with_variable(case["condition"])
+
+        # Evaluate condition
+        if eval(condition):
+            self.set_output("_next", case["to"])
+            return
+
+    # Default branch
+    self.set_output("_next", self._param.default)
+```
+
+### 5.3. Iteration & Loop Components
+
+**Files**:
+- `ragflow/agent/component/iteration.py`
+- `ragflow/agent/component/loop.py`
+
+#### Iteration - For-Each Loop
+
+```json
+{
+  "component_name": "Iteration",
+  "params": {
+    "items": "{DataProcessor@results}",
+    "item_var": "current_item"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Logic**:
+```python
+def _invoke(self, **kwargs):
+    items = self._canvas.get_variable_value(self._param.items)
+
+    if not isinstance(items, list):
+        items = [items]
+
+    for idx, item in enumerate(items):
+        # Set item variable
+        self._canvas.set_variable_value(self._param.item_var, item)
+
+        # Add loop body to path
+        self._canvas.path.append(self.get_start())  # Start of loop body
+```
+
+#### Loop - While Loop
+
+```json
+{
+  "component_name": "Loop",
+  "params": {
+    "condition": "{attempt_count} < 3",
+    "max_iterations": 10
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6. API Integration - Cách User Tương Tác với Workflow
+
+### 6.1. REST API Endpoint
+
+**File**: `ragflow/api/apps/canvas_app.py:124-178`
+
+#### Endpoint: POST `/completion`
+
+```python
+@manager.route('/completion', methods=['POST'])
+@validate_request("id")
+@login_required
+async def run():
+    req = await request_json()
+    query = req.get("query", "")
+    files = req.get("files", [])
+    inputs = req.get("inputs", {})
+    user_id = req.get("user_id", current_user.id)
+
+    # Permission check
+    if not UserCanvasService.accessible(req["id"], current_user.id):
+        return get_json_result(
+            data=False,
+            message='Only owner of canvas authorized for this operation.',
+            code=RetCode.OPERATING_ERROR
+        )
+
+    # Load canvas DSL from database
+    e, cvs = UserCanvasService.get_by_id(req["id"])
+    if not e:
+        return get_data_error_result(message="canvas not found.")
+
+    if not isinstance(cvs.dsl, str):
+        cvs.dsl = json.dumps(cvs.dsl, ensure_ascii=False)
+
+    # Create Canvas instance
+    try:
+        canvas = Canvas(cvs.dsl, current_user.id)
+    except Exception as e:
+        return server_error_response(e)
+
+    # Server-Sent Events (SSE) stream
+    async def sse():
+        nonlocal canvas, user_id
+        try:
+            # Execute workflow và stream events
+            async for ans in canvas.run(query=query, files=files, user_id=user_id, inputs=inputs):
+                yield "data:" + json.dumps(ans, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n\n"
+
+            # Save updated DSL (với updated history, variables, etc.)
+            cvs.dsl = json.loads(str(canvas))
+            UserCanvasService.update_by_id(req["id"], cvs.to_dict())
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logging.exception(e)
+            canvas.cancel_task()
+            yield "data:" + json.dumps({
+                "code": 500,
+                "message": str(e),
+                "data": False
+            }, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n\n"
+
+    # Return SSE response
+    resp = Response(sse(), mimetype="text/event-stream")
+    resp.headers.add_header("Cache-control", "no-cache")
+    resp.headers.add_header("Connection", "keep-alive")
+    resp.headers.add_header("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
+    resp.headers.add_header("Content-Type", "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8")
+    return resp
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/api/apps/canvas_app.py:124-178`
+
+### 6.2. Event Stream Format
+
+Frontend nhận stream các event theo format:
+
+```
+data:{"event":"workflow_started","message_id":"uuid","task_id":"uuid","data":{"inputs":{}}}
+
+data:{"event":"node_started","message_id":"uuid","data":{"component_id":"begin","component_name":"Begin"}}
+
+data:{"event":"node_finished","message_id":"uuid","data":{"component_id":"begin","outputs":{},"elapsed_time":0.001}}
+
+data:{"event":"node_started","message_id":"uuid","data":{"component_id":"Agent:xxx","component_name":"Agent"}}
+
+data:{"event":"message","message_id":"uuid","data":{"content":"Hello"}}
+data:{"event":"message","message_id":"uuid","data":{"content":" there"}}
+data:{"event":"message","message_id":"uuid","data":{"content":"!"}}
+
+data:{"event":"message_end","message_id":"uuid","data":{"reference":{"chunks":[],"doc_aggs":[]}}}
+
+data:{"event":"node_finished","message_id":"uuid","data":{"component_id":"Agent:xxx"}}
+
+data:{"event":"workflow_finished","message_id":"uuid","data":{"outputs":{"content":"Hello there!"},"elapsed_time":2.5}}
+```
+
+**Frontend có thể**:
+- Track progress real-time
+- Display streaming responses
+- Show which component đang execute
+- Handle errors gracefully
+
+---
+
+## 7. Cách Định Nghĩa Custom DSL - Hướng Dẫn Thực Hành
+
+### 7.1. Bước 1: Thiết Kế Workflow Graph
+
+Vẽ sơ đồ workflow với các node và edge:
+
+```
+[Begin]
+   ↓
+[Categorize Intent]
+   ├→ "Order Status" → [Retrieval:OrderDB] → [Agent:OrderSupport] → [Message]
+   ├→ "Product Info" → [Retrieval:ProductKB] → [Agent:ProductExpert] → [Message]
+   └→ "General Chat" → [Agent:CasualChat] → [Message]
+```
+
+### 7.2. Bước 2: Viết JSON DSL
+
+#### Template Cơ Bản
+
+```json
+{
+  "components": {
+    "begin": {
+      "obj": {
+        "component_name": "Begin",
+        "params": {
+          "prologue": "Welcome! How can I help you?",
+          "mode": "conversational"
+        }
+      },
+      "downstream": ["Categorize:IntentClassifier"],
+      "upstream": []
+    },
+
+    "Categorize:IntentClassifier": {
+      "obj": {
+        "component_name": "Categorize",
+        "params": {
+          "llm_id": "deepseek-chat@DeepSeek",
+          "query": "sys.query",
+          "category_description": {
+            "order_status": {
+              "description": "User asking about order tracking or delivery status",
+              "examples": [
+                "Where is my order?",
+                "When will my package arrive?"
+              ],
+              "to": ["Retrieval:OrderDB"]
+            },
+            "product_info": {
+              "description": "Questions about product features, specs, or usage",
+              "examples": [
+                "What are the features?",
+                "How to use this product?"
+              ],
+              "to": ["Retrieval:ProductKB"]
+            },
+            "general_chat": {
+              "description": "Casual conversation not related to orders or products",
+              "examples": [
+                "Hello",
+                "How are you?"
+              ],
+              "to": ["Agent:CasualChat"]
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "downstream": [
+        "Retrieval:OrderDB",
+        "Retrieval:ProductKB",
+        "Agent:CasualChat"
+      ],
+      "upstream": ["begin"]
+    },
+
+    "Retrieval:OrderDB": {
+      "obj": {
+        "component_name": "Retrieval",
+        "params": {
+          "kb_ids": ["order_database_kb_id"],
+          "query": "sys.query",
+          "top_n": 5,
+          "similarity_threshold": 0.3
+        }
+      },
+      "downstream": ["Agent:OrderSupport"],
+      "upstream": ["Categorize:IntentClassifier"]
+    },
+
+    "Agent:OrderSupport": {
+      "obj": {
+        "component_name": "Agent",
+        "params": {
+          "llm_id": "deepseek-chat@DeepSeek",
+          "max_rounds": 3,
+          "sys_prompt": "You are an order support specialist. Help users track their orders based on the database information provided.",
+          "prompts": [
+            {
+              "role": "user",
+              "content": "User question: {sys.query}\n\nOrder database results: {Retrieval:OrderDB@formalized_content}"
+            }
+          ],
+          "tools": []
+        }
+      },
+      "downstream": ["Message:FinalResponse"],
+      "upstream": ["Retrieval:OrderDB"]
+    },
+
+    "Retrieval:ProductKB": {
+      "obj": {
+        "component_name": "Retrieval",
+        "params": {
+          "kb_ids": ["product_kb_id"],
+          "query": "sys.query",
+          "top_n": 8
+        }
+      },
+      "downstream": ["Agent:ProductExpert"],
+      "upstream": ["Categorize:IntentClassifier"]
+    },
+
+    "Agent:ProductExpert": {
+      "obj": {
+        "component_name": "Agent",
+        "params": {
+          "llm_id": "deepseek-chat@DeepSeek",
+          "sys_prompt": "You are a product expert. Answer questions based on official product documentation.",
+          "prompts": [
+            {
+              "role": "user",
+              "content": "{sys.query}\n\nProduct docs: {Retrieval:ProductKB@formalized_content}"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      },
+      "downstream": ["Message:FinalResponse"],
+      "upstream": ["Retrieval:ProductKB"]
+    },
+
+    "Agent:CasualChat": {
+      "obj": {
+        "component_name": "Agent",
+        "params": {
+          "llm_id": "deepseek-chat@DeepSeek",
+          "sys_prompt": "You are a friendly assistant for casual conversation.",
+          "prompts": [
+            {
+              "role": "user",
+              "content": "{sys.query}"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      },
+      "downstream": ["Message:FinalResponse"],
+      "upstream": ["Categorize:IntentClassifier"]
+    },
+
+    "Message:FinalResponse": {
+      "obj": {
+        "component_name": "Message",
+        "params": {
+          "content": [
+            "{Agent:OrderSupport@content}",
+            "{Agent:ProductExpert@content}",
+            "{Agent:CasualChat@content}"
+          ]
+        }
+      },
+      "downstream": [],
+      "upstream": [
+        "Agent:OrderSupport",
+        "Agent:ProductExpert",
+        "Agent:CasualChat"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+
+  "globals": {
+    "sys.query": "",
+    "sys.user_id": "",
+    "sys.conversation_turns": 0,
+    "sys.files": []
+  },
+
+  "variables": {},
+  "history": [],
+  "path": [],
+  "retrieval": [],
+  "memory": []
+}
+```
+
+### 7.3. Bước 3: Variable References
+
+#### Các Pattern Tham Chiếu
+
+1. **System Variables**:
+   ```json
+   "{sys.query}"              // User's question
+   "{sys.user_id}"            // User ID
+   "{sys.conversation_turns}" // Conversation count
+   "{sys.files}"              // Uploaded files
+   ```
+
+2. **Component Outputs**:
+   ```json
+   "{ComponentID@output_name}"
+
+   // Examples:
+   "{Retrieval:OrderDB@formalized_content}"
+   "{Agent:ProductExpert@content}"
+   "{Categorize:IntentClassifier@category_name}"
+   ```
+
+3. **Nested Access**:
+   ```json
+   "{Agent:Analysis@structured.summary}"
+   "{DataProcessor@results.0.score}"
+   ```
+
+### 7.4. Bước 4: Upload và Test
+
+```bash
+# Upload canvas via API
+curl -X POST http://localhost:9380/api/canvas/set \
+  -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_API_KEY" \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{
+    "title": "My Custom Workflow",
+    "dsl": { ... your JSON DSL ... }
+  }'
+
+# Execute workflow
+curl -X POST http://localhost:9380/api/canvas/completion \
+  -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_API_KEY" \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{
+    "id": "canvas_id_from_previous_response",
+    "query": "Where is my order #12345?"
+  }'
+```
+
+---
+
+## 8. Advanced Features
+
+### 8.1. Nested Agent Composition
+
+Agent có thể gọi agent khác như một tool:
+
+```json
+{
+  "component_name": "Agent",
+  "params": {
+    "llm_id": "deepseek-chat@DeepSeek",
+    "tools": [
+      {
+        "component_name": "Agent",
+        "name": "product_specialist",
+        "params": {
+          "llm_id": "deepseek-chat@DeepSeek",
+          "sys_prompt": "You are a product specialist...",
+          "user_prompt": "Answer this product question: {user_input}"
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "component_name": "Agent",
+        "name": "order_specialist",
+        "params": {
+          "llm_id": "deepseek-chat@DeepSeek",
+          "sys_prompt": "You are an order tracking specialist..."
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Cách hoạt động**:
+- Supervisor agent phân tích query
+- Quyết định gọi sub-agent nào
+- Sub-agent execute và return result
+- Supervisor synthesize final answer
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/agent_with_tools.py:109-119`
+
+### 8.2. Model Context Protocol (MCP) Integration
+
+RAGFlow hỗ trợ external tools qua MCP:
+
+```json
+{
+  "component_name": "Agent",
+  "params": {
+    "mcp": [
+      {
+        "mcp_id": "github_mcp_server_id",
+        "tools": {
+          "search_code": {
+            "name": "search_code",
+            "description": "Search code in GitHub repositories",
+            "parameters": {
+              "query": { "type": "string" },
+              "repo": { "type": "string" }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/agent_with_tools.py:99-104`
+
+### 8.3. Structured Output Schema
+
+Force agent return JSON theo schema:
+
+```json
+{
+  "component_name": "Agent",
+  "params": {
+    "outputs": {
+      "structured": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "product_name": { "type": "string" },
+          "price": { "type": "number" },
+          "features": {
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": { "type": "string" }
+          },
+          "recommendation": { "type": "boolean" }
+        },
+        "required": ["product_name", "price"]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Logic** (`ragflow/agent/component/agent_with_tools.py:141-154, 215-235`):
+1. Inject schema vào system prompt
+2. LLM generate JSON
+3. Validate và parse bằng `json_repair`
+4. Retry nếu invalid JSON (max retries configurable)
+
+### 8.4. Exception Handling
+
+```json
+{
+  "component_name": "Retrieval",
+  "params": {
+    "kb_ids": ["kb_123"],
+    "exception_method": "goto",
+    "exception_goto": ["Agent:Fallback"],
+    "exception_default_value": "I couldn't find information in our database."
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Modes**:
+- `goto`: Jump to specific component khi error
+- `comment`: Return default value và continue
+- `null`: Raise error và stop workflow
+
+**File tham chiếu**: `ragflow/agent/component/base.py:565-579`
+
+---
+
+## 9. Tổng Kết Flow Hoàn Chỉnh
+
+### User Request → Response Journey
+
+```
+1. User sends request
+   POST /api/canvas/completion
+   { "id": "canvas_123", "query": "Where is my order?" }
+
+2. API loads DSL from database
+   UserCanvasService.get_by_id(canvas_123)
+   → DSL JSON
+
+3. Canvas initialization
+   canvas = Canvas(dsl_json, tenant_id)
+   → Parse JSON
+   → Create component objects
+   → Validate parameters
+
+4. Execute workflow
+   async for event in canvas.run(query="Where is my order?"):
+
+   4.1. Initialize state
+       - Set sys.query = "Where is my order?"
+       - Reset component outputs
+       - path = ["begin"]
+
+   4.2. Execute "begin"
+       - Yield workflow_started event
+       - Yield node_started event
+       - invoke() → set prologue output
+       - Yield node_finished event
+       - Append downstream ["Categorize:IntentClassifier"] to path
+
+   4.3. Execute "Categorize:IntentClassifier"
+       - Yield node_started event
+       - invoke():
+         * Call LLM with query and categories
+         * LLM returns "order_status"
+         * Set output._next = ["Retrieval:OrderDB"]
+       - Yield node_finished event
+       - Append output._next to path
+
+   4.4. Execute "Retrieval:OrderDB"
+       - Yield node_started event
+       - invoke():
+         * Resolve query = sys.query
+         * Search in knowledge base
+         * Return chunks
+         * Set output.formalized_content = formatted chunks
+       - Yield node_finished event
+       - Append downstream ["Agent:OrderSupport"] to path
+
+   4.5. Execute "Agent:OrderSupport"
+       - Yield node_started event
+       - invoke():
+         * Resolve prompts:
+           - sys.query → "Where is my order?"
+           - Retrieval:OrderDB@formalized_content → retrieved chunks
+         * Start ReAct loop:
+           Step 1: LLM analyze task
+           Step 2: LLM decides no tools needed
+           Step 3: LLM returns COMPLETE_TASK
+         * Stream answer: "Your order #12345 is..."
+       - Yield message events (streaming)
+       - Yield node_finished event
+       - Append downstream ["Message:FinalResponse"] to path
+
+   4.6. Execute "Message:FinalResponse"
+       - Yield node_started event
+       - invoke():
+         * Resolve content variables:
+           - Agent:OrderSupport@content → "Your order #12345 is..."
+           - Other agents → empty (not executed)
+         * Return first non-empty content
+       - Yield message event
+       - Yield message_end event
+       - Yield node_finished event
+       - No downstream → workflow complete
+
+   4.7. Workflow completion
+       - Yield workflow_finished event
+       - Save updated DSL to database (with history, path, etc.)
+
+5. SSE stream to frontend
+   Frontend displays:
+   - Progress indicators
+   - Streaming response
+   - Citations (if any)
+
+6. User sees response
+   "Your order #12345 is currently in transit. Expected delivery: tomorrow."
+```
+
+---
+
+## Phụ Lục: File References Chính
+
+| Component | File Path | Line Numbers | Mục Đích |
+|-----------|-----------|--------------|----------|
+| **DSL Schema** | `ragflow/agent/canvas.py` | 36-73 | Định nghĩa cấu trúc DSL |
+| **Graph Engine** | `ragflow/agent/canvas.py` | 34-273 | Core workflow execution |
+| **Canvas Executor** | `ragflow/agent/canvas.py` | 275-676 | Agent workflow runner |
+| **Component Base** | `ragflow/agent/component/base.py` | 37-583 | Base class cho component |
+| **Agent Component** | `ragflow/agent/component/agent_with_tools.py` | 81-437 | LLM agent với ReAct |
+| **Deep Researcher** | `ragflow/agentic_reasoning/deep_research.py` | 27-150 | Multi-step reasoning |
+| **API Endpoint** | `ragflow/api/apps/canvas_app.py` | 124-178 | REST API |
+| **Component Discovery** | `ragflow/agent/component/__init__.py` | 51-58 | Plugin system |
+| **Templates** | `ragflow/agent/templates/` | - | Pre-built workflows |
+
+---
+
+**Tài liệu này mô tả chi tiết cách RAGFlow implement agent workflow system. Hệ thống cho phép người dùng định nghĩa complex multi-agent workflows thông qua JSON DSL, với execution engine mạnh mẽ hỗ trợ branching, looping, tool calling, và streaming responses.**