feat: replace Owlready2 with RDFLib (#981)

<!-- .github/pull_request_template.md -->

## Description
Replaces Owlready2 with RDFLib

## DCO Affirmation
I affirm that all code in every commit of this pull request conforms to
the terms of the Topoteretes Developer Certificate of Origin.

---------

Co-authored-by: Igor Ilic <igorilic03@gmail.com>

.github/workflows/test_mcp.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
          # Remove Cognee wheel that came from PyPI
          uv pip uninstall cognee
          # Install of the freshly-checked-out Cognee branch
-         uv pip install --no-deps --force-reinstall -e ../
+         uv pip install --force-reinstall -e ../
 
       - name: Run MCP test
         env:

cognee/modules/graph/utils/expand_with_nodes_and_edges.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from cognee.modules.engine.utils import (
     generate_node_id,
     generate_node_name,
 )
-from owlready2 import Thing, ThingClass
 from cognee.shared.data_models import KnowledgeGraph
 from cognee.modules.ontology.rdf_xml.OntologyResolver import OntologyResolver
 
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ def expand_with_nodes_and_edges(
                     ont_node_id = generate_node_id(ontology_node_to_store.name)
                     ont_node_name = generate_node_name(ontology_node_to_store.name)
 
-                    if isinstance(ontology_node_to_store, ThingClass):
+                    if ontology_node_to_store.category == "classes":
                         ont_node_key = f"{ont_node_id}_type"
                         if (ont_node_key not in added_nodes_map) and (
                             ont_node_key not in added_ontology_nodes_map
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ def expand_with_nodes_and_edges(
                                 ontology_valid=True,
                             )
 
-                    elif isinstance(ontology_node_to_store, Thing):
+                    elif ontology_node_to_store.category == "individuals":
                         ont_node_key = f"{ont_node_id}_entity"
                         if (ont_node_key not in added_nodes_map) and (
                             ont_node_key not in added_ontology_nodes_map
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ def expand_with_nodes_and_edges(
                     ont_node_id = generate_node_id(ontology_node_to_store.name)
                     ont_node_name = generate_node_name(ontology_node_to_store.name)
 
-                    if isinstance(ontology_node_to_store, ThingClass):
+                    if ontology_node_to_store.category == "classes":
                         ont_node_key = f"{ont_node_id}_type"
                         if (ont_node_key not in added_nodes_map) and (
                             ont_node_key not in added_ontology_nodes_map
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ def expand_with_nodes_and_edges(
                                 ontology_valid=True,
                             )
 
-                    elif isinstance(ontology_node_to_store, Thing):
+                    elif ontology_node_to_store.category == "individuals":
                         ont_node_key = f"{ont_node_id}_entity"
                         if (ont_node_key not in added_nodes_map) and (
                             ont_node_key not in added_ontology_nodes_map

cognee/modules/ontology/rdf_xml/OntologyResolver.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import difflib
 from cognee.shared.logging_utils import get_logger
 from collections import deque
 from typing import List, Tuple, Dict, Optional, Any
-from owlready2 import get_ontology, ClassConstruct, Ontology, Thing
+from rdflib import Graph, URIRef, RDF, RDFS, OWL
 
 from cognee.modules.ontology.exceptions import (
     OntologyInitializationError,
@@ -14,46 +14,85 @@ from cognee.modules.ontology.exceptions import (
 logger = get_logger("OntologyAdapter")
 
 
+class AttachedOntologyNode:
+    """Lightweight wrapper to be able to parse any ontology solution and generalize cognee interface."""
+
+    def __init__(self, uri: URIRef, category: str):
+        self.uri = uri
+        self.name = self._extract_name(uri)
+        self.category = category
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_name(uri: URIRef) -> str:
+        uri_str = str(uri)
+        if "#" in uri_str:
+            return uri_str.split("#")[-1]
+        return uri_str.rstrip("/").split("/")[-1]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"AttachedOntologyNode(name={self.name}, category={self.category})"
+
+
 class OntologyResolver:
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        ontology_file: Optional[str] = None,
-        fallback_url: str = "http://example.org/empty_ontology",
-    ):
+    def __init__(self, ontology_file: Optional[str] = None):
         self.ontology_file = ontology_file
         try:
             if ontology_file and os.path.exists(ontology_file):
-                self.ontology: Ontology = get_ontology(ontology_file).load()
+                self.graph = Graph()
+                self.graph.parse(ontology_file)
                 logger.info("Ontology loaded successfully from file: %s", ontology_file)
             else:
                 logger.info(
-                    "Ontology file '%s' not found. Using fallback ontology at %s",
+                    "Ontology file '%s' not found. No owl ontology will be attached to the graph.",
                     ontology_file,
-                    fallback_url,
                 )
-                self.ontology = get_ontology(fallback_url)
+                self.graph = None
             self.build_lookup()
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Failed to load ontology", exc_info=e)
             raise OntologyInitializationError() from e
 
+    def _uri_to_key(self, uri: URIRef) -> str:
+        uri_str = str(uri)
+        if "#" in uri_str:
+            name = uri_str.split("#")[-1]
+        else:
+            name = uri_str.rstrip("/").split("/")[-1]
+        return name.lower().replace(" ", "_").strip()
+
     def build_lookup(self):
         try:
-            self.lookup: Dict[str, Dict[str, Thing]] = {
-                "classes": {
-                    cls.name.lower().replace(" ", "_").strip(): cls
-                    for cls in self.ontology.classes()
-                },
-                "individuals": {
-                    ind.name.lower().replace(" ", "_").strip(): ind
-                    for ind in self.ontology.individuals()
-                },
+            classes: Dict[str, URIRef] = {}
+            individuals: Dict[str, URIRef] = {}
+
+            if not self.graph:
+                self.lookup: Dict[str, Dict[str, URIRef]] = {
+                    "classes": classes,
+                    "individuals": individuals,
+                }
+
+                return None
+
+            for cls in self.graph.subjects(RDF.type, OWL.Class):
+                key = self._uri_to_key(cls)
+                classes[key] = cls
+
+            for subj, _, obj in self.graph.triples((None, RDF.type, None)):
+                if obj in classes.values():
+                    key = self._uri_to_key(subj)
+                    individuals[key] = subj
+
+            self.lookup = {
+                "classes": classes,
+                "individuals": individuals,
             }
             logger.info(
                 "Lookup built: %d classes, %d individuals",
-                len(self.lookup["classes"]),
-                len(self.lookup["individuals"]),
+                len(classes),
+                len(individuals),
             )
+
+            return None
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Failed to build lookup dictionary: %s", str(e))
             raise RuntimeError("Lookup build failed") from e
@@ -77,64 +116,90 @@ class OntologyResolver:
             logger.error("Error in find_closest_match: %s", str(e))
             raise FindClosestMatchError() from e
 
+    def _get_category(self, uri: URIRef) -> str:
+        if uri in self.lookup.get("classes", {}).values():
+            return "classes"
+        if uri in self.lookup.get("individuals", {}).values():
+            return "individuals"
+        return "unknown"
+
     def get_subgraph(
-        self, node_name: str, node_type: str = "individuals"
+        self, node_name: str, node_type: str = "individuals", directed: bool = True
     ) -> Tuple[List[Any], List[Tuple[str, str, str]], Optional[Any]]:
         nodes_set = set()
         edges: List[Tuple[str, str, str]] = []
-        visited_nodes = set()
+        visited = set()
         queue = deque()
 
         try:
             closest_match = self.find_closest_match(name=node_name, category=node_type)
             if not closest_match:
                 logger.info("No close match found for '%s' in category '%s'", node_name, node_type)
-                return list(nodes_set), edges, None
+                return [], [], None
 
             node = self.lookup[node_type].get(closest_match)
             if node is None:
                 logger.info("Node '%s' not found in lookup.", closest_match)
-                return list(nodes_set), edges, None
+                return [], [], None
 
-            logger.info("%s match was found for found for '%s' node", node.name, node_name)
+            logger.info("%s match was found for found for '%s' node", node, node_name)
 
             queue.append(node)
-            visited_nodes.add(node)
+            visited.add(node)
             nodes_set.add(node)
 
+            obj_props = set(self.graph.subjects(RDF.type, OWL.ObjectProperty))
+
             while queue:
-                current_node = queue.popleft()
+                current = queue.popleft()
+                current_label = self._uri_to_key(current)
 
-                if hasattr(current_node, "is_a"):
-                    for parent in current_node.is_a:
-                        if isinstance(parent, ClassConstruct):
-                            if hasattr(parent, "value") and hasattr(parent.value, "name"):
-                                parent = parent.value
-                            else:
-                                continue
-                        edges.append((current_node.name, "is_a", parent.name))
-                        nodes_set.add(parent)
-                        if parent not in visited_nodes:
-                            visited_nodes.add(parent)
+                if node_type == "individuals":
+                    for parent in self.graph.objects(current, RDF.type):
+                        parent_label = self._uri_to_key(parent)
+                        edges.append((current_label, "is_a", parent_label))
+                        if parent not in visited:
+                            visited.add(parent)
                             queue.append(parent)
+                        nodes_set.add(parent)
 
-                for prop in self.ontology.object_properties():
-                    for target in prop[current_node]:
-                        edges.append((current_node.name, prop.name, target.name))
-                        nodes_set.add(target)
-                        if target not in visited_nodes:
-                            visited_nodes.add(target)
+                for parent in self.graph.objects(current, RDFS.subClassOf):
+                    parent_label = self._uri_to_key(parent)
+                    edges.append((current_label, "is_a", parent_label))
+                    if parent not in visited:
+                        visited.add(parent)
+                        queue.append(parent)
+                    nodes_set.add(parent)
+
+                for prop in obj_props:
+                    prop_label = self._uri_to_key(prop)
+                    for target in self.graph.objects(current, prop):
+                        target_label = self._uri_to_key(target)
+                        edges.append((current_label, prop_label, target_label))
+                        if target not in visited:
+                            visited.add(target)
                             queue.append(target)
-
-                    for source in prop.range:
-                        if current_node in prop[source]:
-                            edges.append((source.name, prop.name, current_node.name))
-                            nodes_set.add(source)
-                            if source not in visited_nodes:
-                                visited_nodes.add(source)
+                        nodes_set.add(target)
+                    if not directed:
+                        for source in self.graph.subjects(prop, current):
+                            source_label = self._uri_to_key(source)
+                            edges.append((source_label, prop_label, current_label))
+                            if source not in visited:
+                                visited.add(source)
                                 queue.append(source)
+                            nodes_set.add(source)
 
-            return list(nodes_set), edges, node
+            rdf_nodes = [
+                AttachedOntologyNode(uri=uri, category=self._get_category(uri))
+                for uri in list(nodes_set)
+            ]
+            rdf_root = (
+                AttachedOntologyNode(uri=node, category=self._get_category(node))
+                if node is not None
+                else None
+            )
+
+            return rdf_nodes, edges, rdf_root
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("Error in get_subgraph: %s", str(e))
             raise GetSubgraphError() from e

cognee/tests/unit/modules/ontology/test_ontology_adapter.py

@@ -1,161 +1,174 @@
 import pytest
-from owlready2 import get_ontology, Thing
-from cognee.modules.ontology.rdf_xml.OntologyResolver import OntologyResolver
+from rdflib import Graph, Namespace, RDF, OWL, RDFS
+from cognee.modules.ontology.rdf_xml.OntologyResolver import OntologyResolver, AttachedOntologyNode
 
 
 def test_ontology_adapter_initialization_success():
     """Test successful initialization of OntologyAdapter."""
-    ontology = get_ontology("http://example.org/test_ontology")
 
     adapter = OntologyResolver()
-    adapter.ontology = ontology
     adapter.build_lookup()
 
-    assert adapter.ontology is not None
     assert isinstance(adapter.lookup, dict)
 
 
 def test_ontology_adapter_initialization_file_not_found():
     """Test OntologyAdapter initialization with nonexistent file."""
     adapter = OntologyResolver(ontology_file="nonexistent.owl")
-    assert adapter.ontology.base_iri == "http://example.org/empty_ontology#"
+    assert adapter.graph is None
 
 
 def test_build_lookup():
     """Test the lookup dictionary is correctly built."""
-    ontology = get_ontology("http://example.org/test_ontology")
+    ns = Namespace("http://example.org/test#")
+    g = Graph()
 
-    with ontology:
+    g.add((ns.Car, RDF.type, OWL.Class))
 
-        class Car(Thing):
-            pass
+    g.add((ns.Audi, RDF.type, ns.Car))
 
-        Car("Audi")
+    resolver = OntologyResolver()
+    resolver.graph = g
+    resolver.build_lookup()
 
-    adapter = OntologyResolver()
-    adapter.ontology = ontology
-    adapter.build_lookup()
+    lookup = resolver.lookup
+    assert isinstance(lookup, dict)
 
-    assert isinstance(adapter.lookup, dict)
-    assert "car" in adapter.lookup["classes"]
-    assert "audi" in adapter.lookup["individuals"]
+    assert "car" in lookup["classes"]
+    assert lookup["classes"]["car"] == ns.Car
+
+    assert "audi" in lookup["individuals"]
+    assert lookup["individuals"]["audi"] == ns.Audi
 
 
 def test_find_closest_match_exact():
     """Test finding exact match in lookup."""
-    ontology = get_ontology("http://example.org/test_ontology")
 
-    with ontology:
+    ns = Namespace("http://example.org/test#")
+    g = Graph()
 
-        class Car(Thing):
-            pass
+    g.add((ns.Car, RDF.type, OWL.Class))
+    g.add((ns.Audi, RDF.type, ns.Car))
 
-        Car("Audi")
-
-    adapter = OntologyResolver()
-    adapter.ontology = ontology
-    adapter.build_lookup()
-
-    result = adapter.find_closest_match("Audi", "individuals")
+    resolver = OntologyResolver()
+    resolver.graph = g
+    resolver.build_lookup()
 
+    result = resolver.find_closest_match("Audi", "individuals")
     assert result is not None
     assert result == "audi"
 
 
 def test_find_closest_match_fuzzy():
-    """Test fuzzy matching for lookup."""
-    ontology = get_ontology("http://example.org/test_ontology")
+    """Test fuzzy matching for lookup using the RDFlib adapter."""
 
-    with ontology:
+    ns = Namespace("http://example.org/test#")
 
-        class Car(Thing):
-            pass
+    g = Graph()
 
-        Car("Audi")
-        Car("BMW")
+    g.add((ns.Car, RDF.type, OWL.Class))
 
-    adapter = OntologyResolver()
-    adapter.ontology = ontology
-    adapter.build_lookup()
+    g.add((ns.Audi, RDF.type, ns.Car))
+    g.add((ns.BMW, RDF.type, ns.Car))
 
-    result = adapter.find_closest_match("Audii", "individuals")
+    resolver = OntologyResolver()
+    resolver.graph = g
+    resolver.build_lookup()
+
+    result = resolver.find_closest_match("Audii", "individuals")
 
     assert result == "audi"
 
 
 def test_find_closest_match_no_match():
     """Test no match found in lookup."""
-    ontology = get_ontology("http://example.org/test_ontology")
+    """Test that find_closest_match returns None when there is no match."""
+    ns = Namespace("http://example.org/test#")
 
-    adapter = OntologyResolver()
-    adapter.ontology = ontology
-    adapter.build_lookup()
+    g = Graph()
 
-    result = adapter.find_closest_match("Nonexistent", "individuals")
+    g.add((ns.Car, RDF.type, OWL.Class))
+
+    g.add((ns.Audi, RDF.type, ns.Car))
+    g.add((ns.BMW, RDF.type, ns.Car))
+
+    resolver = OntologyResolver()
+    resolver.graph = g
+    resolver.build_lookup()
+
+    result = resolver.find_closest_match("Nonexistent", "individuals")
 
     assert result is None
 
 
-def test_get_subgraph_no_match():
-    """Test get_subgraph with no matching node."""
-    ontology = get_ontology("http://example.org/test_ontology")
+def test_get_subgraph_no_match_rdflib():
+    """Test get_subgraph returns empty results for a non-existent node."""
+    g = Graph()
 
-    adapter = OntologyResolver()
-    adapter.ontology = ontology
-    adapter.build_lookup()
+    resolver = OntologyResolver()
+    resolver.graph = g
+    resolver.build_lookup()
 
-    nodes, relationships, start_node = adapter.get_subgraph("Nonexistent", "individuals")
+    nodes, relationships, start_node = resolver.get_subgraph("Nonexistent", "individuals")
 
     assert nodes == []
     assert relationships == []
     assert start_node is None
 
 
-def test_get_subgraph_success():
-    """Test successful retrieval of subgraph."""
-    ontology = get_ontology("http://example.org/test_ontology")
+def test_get_subgraph_success_rdflib():
+    """Test successful retrieval of subgraph using the RDFlib adapter."""
 
-    with ontology:
+    ns = Namespace("http://example.org/test#")
+    g = Graph()
 
-        class Company(Thing):
-            pass
+    g.add((ns.Company, RDF.type, OWL.Class))
+    g.add((ns.Vehicle, RDF.type, OWL.Class))
+    g.add((ns.Car, RDF.type, OWL.Class))
 
-        class Vehicle(Thing):
-            pass
+    g.add((ns.Vehicle, RDFS.subClassOf, OWL.Thing))
+    g.add((ns.Car, RDFS.subClassOf, ns.Vehicle))
 
-        class Car(Vehicle):
-            pass
+    g.add((ns.Audi, RDF.type, ns.Car))
+    g.add((ns.Porsche, RDF.type, ns.Car))
+    g.add((ns.VW, RDF.type, ns.Company))
 
-        audi = Car("Audi")
-        porsche = Car("Porsche")
-        vw = Company("VW")
+    owns = ns.owns
+    g.add((owns, RDF.type, OWL.ObjectProperty))
+    g.add((ns.VW, owns, ns.Audi))
+    g.add((ns.VW, owns, ns.Porsche))
 
-        vw.owns = [audi, porsche]
+    resolver = OntologyResolver()
+    resolver.graph = g
+    resolver.build_lookup()
 
-    adapter = OntologyResolver()
-    adapter.ontology = ontology
-    adapter.build_lookup()
+    nodes, relationships, start_node = resolver.get_subgraph("Audi", "individuals")
 
-    nodes, relationships, start_node = adapter.get_subgraph("Audi", "individuals")
+    uris = {n.uri for n in nodes}
+    assert ns.Audi in uris
+    assert ns.Car in uris
+    assert ns.Vehicle in uris
+    assert OWL.Thing in uris
 
-    assert audi in nodes
-    assert Car in nodes
-    assert Vehicle in nodes
-    assert Thing in nodes
-    assert ("Audi", "is_a", "Car") in relationships
-    assert ("Car", "is_a", "Vehicle") in relationships
-    assert ("Vehicle", "is_a", "Thing") in relationships
+    rels = set(relationships)
+    assert ("audi", "is_a", "car") in rels
+    assert ("car", "is_a", "vehicle") in rels
+    assert ("vehicle", "is_a", "thing") in rels
+
+    assert isinstance(start_node, AttachedOntologyNode)
+    assert start_node.uri == ns.Audi
 
 
-def test_refresh_lookup():
-    """Test refreshing lookup rebuilds the dictionary."""
-    ontology = get_ontology("http://example.org/test_ontology")
+def test_refresh_lookup_rdflib():
+    """Test that refresh_lookup rebuilds the lookup dict into a new object."""
+    g = Graph()
 
-    adapter = OntologyResolver()
-    adapter.ontology = ontology
-    adapter.build_lookup()
+    resolver = OntologyResolver()
+    resolver.graph = g
+    resolver.build_lookup()
 
-    original_lookup = adapter.lookup.copy()
-    adapter.refresh_lookup()
+    original_lookup = resolver.lookup
 
-    assert adapter.lookup is not original_lookup
+    resolver.refresh_lookup()
+
+    assert resolver.lookup is not original_lookup

poetry.lock

@@ -3650,6 +3650,19 @@ files = [
 [package.dependencies]
 pygments = "*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "isodate"
+version = "0.7.2"
+description = "An ISO 8601 date/time/duration parser and formatter"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+groups = ["main"]
+markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""
+files = [
+    {file = "isodate-0.7.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:28009937d8031054830160fce6d409ed342816b543597cece116d966c6d99e15"},
+    {file = "isodate-0.7.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4cd1aa0f43ca76f4a6c6c0292a85f40b35ec2e43e315b59f06e6d32171a953e6"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "isoduration"
 version = "20.11.0"
@@ -6829,20 +6842,6 @@ files = [
     {file = "overrides-7.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:55158fa3d93b98cc75299b1e67078ad9003ca27945c76162c1c0766d6f91820a"},
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "owlready2"
-version = "0.47"
-description = "A package for ontology-oriented programming in Python: load OWL 2.0 ontologies as Python objects, modify them, save them, and perform reasoning via HermiT. Includes an optimized RDF quadstore."
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.6"
-groups = ["main"]
-files = [
-    {file = "owlready2-0.47.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:af7e1d2205c0b5886d2e34397ab8c10ca29ff68c3dc3702d43393966ac7f6eb0"},
-]
-
-[package.extras]
-test = ["flask", "gevent", "rdflib"]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "packaging"
 version = "24.2"
@@ -9100,6 +9099,29 @@ files = [
 [package.extras]
 all = ["numpy"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rdflib"
+version = "7.1.4"
+description = "RDFLib is a Python library for working with RDF, a simple yet powerful language for representing information."
+optional = false
+python-versions = "<4.0.0,>=3.8.1"
+groups = ["main"]
+files = [
+    {file = "rdflib-7.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:72f4adb1990fa5241abd22ddaf36d7cafa5d91d9ff2ba13f3086d339b213d997"},
+    {file = "rdflib-7.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fed46e24f26a788e2ab8e445f7077f00edcf95abb73bcef4b86cefa8b62dd174"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+isodate = {version = ">=0.7.2,<1.0.0", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
+pyparsing = ">=2.1.0,<4"
+
+[package.extras]
+berkeleydb = ["berkeleydb (>=18.1.0,<19.0.0)"]
+html = ["html5rdf (>=1.2,<2)"]
+lxml = ["lxml (>=4.3,<6.0)"]
+networkx = ["networkx (>=2,<4)"]
+orjson = ["orjson (>=3.9.14,<4)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "readme-renderer"
 version = "44.0"
@@ -12037,4 +12059,4 @@ weaviate = ["weaviate-client"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = ">=3.10,<=3.13"
-content-hash = "4d5f5cfe7072a53e4d9d38e5503a9839b555add9087b8947e5eecf0f80b9cbbb"
+content-hash = "caff6dd76472193be899359bd8f74842050b0bd296239349035f2f77a656a809"

pyproject.toml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "filetype>=1.2.0",
     "aiohttp>=3.11.14",
     "aiofiles>=23.2.1",
-    "owlready2>=0.47,<0.48",
+    "rdflib>=7.1.4,<7.2.0",
     "graphistry>=0.33.5,<0.34",
     "pypdf>=4.1.0,<6.0.0",
     "jinja2>=3.1.3,<4",

uv.lock

@@ -892,7 +892,6 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "numpy", version = "2.1.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.12'" },
     { name = "onnxruntime" },
     { name = "openai" },
-    { name = "owlready2" },
     { name = "pandas" },
     { name = "pre-commit" },
     { name = "pydantic" },
@@ -901,6 +900,7 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "pypdf" },
     { name = "python-dotenv" },
     { name = "python-multipart" },
+    { name = "rdflib" },
     { name = "scikit-learn" },
     { name = "sentry-sdk", extra = ["fastapi"] },
     { name = "sqlalchemy" },
@@ -1078,7 +1078,6 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "numpy", specifier = ">=1.26.4,<=2.1" },
     { name = "onnxruntime", specifier = "<=1.21.1" },
     { name = "openai", specifier = ">=1.59.4,<2" },
-    { name = "owlready2", specifier = ">=0.47,<0.48" },
     { name = "pandas", specifier = ">=2.2.2" },
     { name = "pgvector", marker = "extra == 'postgres'", specifier = ">=0.3.5,<0.4" },
     { name = "pgvector", marker = "extra == 'postgres-binary'", specifier = ">=0.3.5,<0.4" },
@@ -1103,6 +1102,7 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "python-multipart", specifier = "==0.0.20" },
     { name = "qasync", marker = "extra == 'gui'", specifier = ">=0.27.1,<0.28" },
     { name = "qdrant-client", marker = "extra == 'qdrant'", specifier = ">=1.14.2,<2" },
+    { name = "rdflib", specifier = ">=7.1.4,<7.2.0" },
     { name = "ruff", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=0.9.2,<1.0.0" },
     { name = "s3fs", extras = ["boto3"], marker = "extra == 'aws'", specifier = "==2025.3.2" },
     { name = "scikit-learn", specifier = ">=1.6.1,<2" },
@@ -2784,6 +2784,15 @@ wheels = [
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+[[package]]
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+version = "0.7.2"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/54/4d/e940025e2ce31a8ce1202635910747e5a87cc3a6a6bb2d00973375014749/isodate-0.7.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4cd1aa0f43ca76f4a6c6c0292a85f40b35ec2e43e315b59f06e6d32171a953e6", size = 29705 }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/15/aa/0aca39a37d3c7eb941ba736ede56d689e7be91cab5d9ca846bde3999eba6/isodate-0.7.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:28009937d8031054830160fce6d409ed342816b543597cece116d966c6d99e15", size = 22320 },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "isoduration"
 version = "20.11.0"
@@ -5075,12 +5084,6 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2c/ab/fc8290c6a4c722e5514d80f62b2dc4c4df1a68a41d1364e625c35990fcf3/overrides-7.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c7ed9d062f78b8e4c1a7b70bd8796b35ead4d9f510227ef9c5dc7626c60d7e49", size = 17832 },
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "owlready2"
-version = "0.47"
-source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6a/8b/6f0534ff7285e8d97e36a3838f88ffc8deb7cd0bc7b34f9f97d8bfdaae90/owlready2-0.47.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:af7e1d2205c0b5886d2e34397ab8c10ca29ff68c3dc3702d43393966ac7f6eb0", size = 27271190 }
-
 [[package]]
 name = "packaging"
 version = "24.2"
@@ -6635,6 +6638,19 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c1/c5/c243b05a15a27b946180db0d1e4c999bef3f4221505dff9748f1f6c917be/rapidfuzz-3.13.0-pp311-pypy311_pp73-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:1f219f1e3c3194d7a7de222f54450ce12bc907862ff9a8962d83061c1f923c86", size = 1553782 },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rdflib"
+version = "7.1.4"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "isodate", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
+    { name = "pyparsing" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e8/7e/cb2d74466bd8495051ebe2d241b1cb1d4acf9740d481126aef19ef2697f5/rdflib-7.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fed46e24f26a788e2ab8e445f7077f00edcf95abb73bcef4b86cefa8b62dd174", size = 4692745 }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f4/31/e9b6f04288dcd3fa60cb3179260d6dad81b92aef3063d679ac7d80a827ea/rdflib-7.1.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:72f4adb1990fa5241abd22ddaf36d7cafa5d91d9ff2ba13f3086d339b213d997", size = 565051 },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "readme-renderer"
 version = "44.0"